1.2+Book+2

=II. Inside a Magnet=

1. Atom-smallest particle of an element 2. Element-one of about 100 basic substances that make up all matter. 3. Center of an atom-nucleus I. protons+ +charge ii. neutrons 0 no charge 4. outer region of nucleus I. electrons- -charge ii. empty space iii. electrons move thru out it iv. electrons a.) has property-electrons spin b. Spinning electron produces a magnetic field that makes the electron behave like a tiny magnet in an atom. c.) Opposite spins produce-opposite magnetic fields that cancel. 1.) most materials have weak magnetic properties 2.) electrons pair up d.) not paired electrons 1.) strong magnetic properties

B. Magnetic Domains
1. grouping of atoms that have their magnetic fields aligned I. Entire domain acts like a bar magnet with a north and south pole ii. Directions in which domains point determines if the material is magnetized or not. a.) Not magnetized- magnet domains point in random directions iii. Magnetized materials-all or most of the magnetic domains are arranged in the same direction a.) strong magnet 2. Ferromagnetic material-material that shows strong magnetic properties I. Behaves like a piece of iron when it's placed in a magnetic field ii. common ferromagnetic-iron, nickel, cobalt, gadolinium iii. rare- samarium, neodymium 3. Alloys- magnet made from a combination of several metals. I. alnico- aluminum, nickel, iron, cobalt ii. powerful magnets- made of magnets-platinum and cobalt, cobalt and neodymium 4. Ferrite- most common used magnets I. mixture of substances containing ferromagnetic elements ii. brittle materials-chips easily iii. usually stronger and less expensive metal

C. Making and Changing Magnets
1. Magnets can be made, destroyed or broken apart. 2.Made by placing non magnetized ferromagnetic material in a strong magnetic field or by rubbing the materials with one pole of a magnet 3. Temporary magnet- magnet made from a material that easily loses it's magnetism 4. Permanent Magnet- magnet made from a material that keeps it's magnetism for a long time 5. Destroying Magnets I. Drop it b.) strike it hard C.) heating it 6. Breaking magnets I. 2 smaller magnets ii. each has a north and south pole

Study Guide
1. nucleus 4. 2 smaller magnets 7. atom 8. keeps it's magnetism for a long time 13. magnetic domain 17. true 18. False, electrons 19. False temporary magnets 20. true