Book+2+Lesson+2.1

1/24/14 __**Chapter 2 Electricity**__
 * I. Electric Charge and Static Electricity**
 * A. Electric Charge**
 * 1. Protons repel each other**
 * 2. Protons and electrons come close together - they attract 1 another**
 * 3.Property of Protons and Electrons**
 * I. Proton + Charge**
 * ii. Electron - Charge**
 * iii. Benjamin Franklin named them in 1700s**
 * 4. Charges that are the same repel each other. Charges that are different attract each other.**
 * 5. Electricity - interaction between electric charges**
 * 6. Can Exist alone**
 * B. Electric Force**
 * 1. The attraction or repulsion between electric charges**
 * 2. Electric Field - Extends around a charged object where the object's electric force is exerted on other charged objects.**
 * I. invisible**
 * ii. Lines drawn with arrows to show the direction of the electric force**
 * iii. Always points away from positive charges**
 * iv. Strength of electric field is related to the distance from the charged object**
 * a.) Greater the distance, the weaker the field**
 * b.) Strength represented by how close the electrical field lines are to each other**
 * c.) Strongest where the lines are closest together**
 * d.) Greater than near charged object**
 * 3. 2 or more charges - shape of each electric field of each charge is altered.**
 * I. Electric fields of each individual charge combine by repelling or attracting**
 * C. Static Electricity**
 * 1. Most objects have no overall charge**
 * I. = number protons and neutrons**
 * 2. Some objects can be charged**
 * I. Uncharged object becomes changed by going or losing electrons**
 * 3. Build Up of charges on an object - Static electricity - but the charges do not flow continuously**
 * D. Transferring Charge**
 * 1. Object becomes charged when electrons are transferred from 1 location to another**
 * 2. Charges are neither created nor destroyed**
 * 3. Law of Conservation of Charge**
 * I. If 1 object gives up electrons, another object gains those electrons**
 * ii. 3 methods of transfer to build up static**
 * a.) Charging by Friction - transfer of electrons from 1 uncharged object to another by rubbing.**
 * 1.) Object that gains electrons becomes negatively charged**
 * 2.) Object that loses electrons become positively charged**
 * 3.) Clothing that sticks together - example**
 * b.) Charging by conduction - transfer of electrons from a charged object to another object by direct contact.**
 * 1.) Shock touching skin**
 * c.) Charging by induction - movement of electrons to one part of an object that is caused by the electric field of a second object**
 * 1.) Electric field around the charged object attracts or repels electrons in the second object**
 * 2.) Touching a doorknob**
 * d.) Detecting Charges**
 * 1.) electroscope - machine that can detect invisible electric charges**
 * I. Cannot determine type of charge**
 * E. Static Discharge**
 * 1. When a negatively charged object and a positively charged object are brought together, electrons transfer until both objects have the same charge**
 * 2. The loss of static electricity as electric charges transfer from 1 object to another - static discharge**
 * I. Produces a spark**
 * ii. Glowing air is the spark**
 * iii. Electron transfer heats the air around the path they travel until it glows.**
 * iv. Lightning is a huge spark!**